The sample is digested in H2SO4, using CuSO4.5H20 as catalyst with K2SO4, to release nitrogen from protein and retain nitrogen as ammonium salt.  Concentrated NaOH is added to release NH3, which is distilled, collected in H3BO3 solution, and titrated in HCl.

The fat can be separated from fat-containing milk/milk powder through the addition of sulphuric acid. The separation is made by using amyl alcohol and centrifugation. The fat content is read directly on a special calibrated butyrometer.

The moisture content of a powder is the loss in weight (%) after oven drying at 102oC untill constant weight is obtained.

Method used bacterial culture plates of dry medium and cold H2O – soluble gel. Diluted test suspension are added to plates at a rate of 1.0 mL per plate. Pressure, when applied to plastic spreader placed on overlay film, spreads test portion over ca 20 sq.cm growtn area. Gelling agent is allowed to solidify and plates are incubate and then counted.

Method used bacterial culture plates of dry medium and cold H2O – soluble gel. Diluted test suspension are added to plates at a rate of 1.0 mL per plate. Pressure, when applied to plastic spreader placed on overlay film, spreads test portion over ca 20 sq.cm growtn area. Gelling agent is allowed to solidify and plates are incubate and then counted.

Method used bacterial culture plates of dry medium and cold H2O – soluble gel. Diluted test suspension are added to plates at a rate of 1.0 mL per plate. Pressure, when applied to plastic spreader placed on overlay film, spreads test portion over ca 20 sq.cm growtn area. Gelling agent is allowed to solidify and plates are incubate and then counted.

Method used bacterial culture plates of dry medium and cold H2O – soluble gel. Diluted test suspension are added to plates at a rate of 1.0 mL per plate. Pressure, when applied to plastic spreader placed on overlay film, spreads test portion over ca 20 sq.cm growtn area. Gelling agent is allowed to solidify and plates are incubate and then counted.

Method used bacterial culture plates of dry medium and cold H2O – soluble gel. Diluted test suspension are added to plates at a rate of 1.0 mL per plate. Pressure, when applied to plastic spreader placed on overlay film, spreads test portion over ca 20 sq.cm growtn area.